Advances in Pharmacology Volume 31 Anesthesia and Cardiovascular Disease
Containing some topics about animals
By Zeljko J. Bosnjak
- Publisher: Academic Pr
- Number Of Pages: 688
- Publication Date: 1995-04
- ISBN-10 / ASIN: 0121188604
- ISBN-13 / EAN: 9780121188603
Product Description:
Each volume of Advances in Pharmacology provides a collection of reviews on various topics. Volume 31 deals with the mechanisms of anaesthetic actions under normal conditions as well pathophysiologic states.
Preface
The purpose of this book is to emphasize the close relationship and
interdependence between anesthesiology and physiology, especially in
the area of cardiovascular function. This book represents some of the
most recent experimental observations and hypotheses with emphasis on
the cardiovascular effects of anesthetics and the mechanisms that may be
involved in normal and pathophysiological states.
Many patients anesthetized for surgical procedures under general anesthesia
have some degree of cardiovascular disease. Sadly, knowledge of
how anesthetics and drugs used during anesthesia contribute and/or interact
with altered physiological states that are responsible for cardiovascular
instability is far from complete. Although there are a number of likely
causes for perioperative cardiovascular morbidity, noteworthy among
these are the involvement of altered physiological states, autonomic imbalance,
altered stress responses, concurrent disease, and factors that directly
relate to the quality or type of care provided in the perioperative setting.
Many of the drugs commonly used during general anesthesia, including
the inhalational anesthetics, alter cardiovascular regulation as a side effect
of their primary purposes to produce surgical anesthesia.
The cardiovascular depressant properties of potent volatile anesthetics
are due not only to their direct effects on the heart and peripheral circulation
but also to their depressant effects on reflex regulation of the cardiovascular
system. There is a considerable body of evidence that the inhibitory
effects of potent volatile anesthetics occur at multiple sites. These
include central nervous system (CNS) regulatory sites, sympathetic preganglionic
and postganglionic sites, sympathetic and parasympathetic ganglionic
transmission sites, and the nerve endings, as well as direct end
organ effects. Although the depression of the cardiovascular system at
anesthetic levels required for surgical anesthesia is usually moderate and
reversible in healthy patients, it may be much more extensive in patients
with either chronic or acute disorders of the cardiovascular system, as
well as associated diseases which may impair cardiovascular function.
Many of the topics in this book deal with effects of anesthetics in the
presence of altered physiological states including myocardial ischemia,
diastolic dysfunction, hypertension, respiratory distress syndrome, acidosis,
cerebral injury, and isovolemic hemodilution. It is not surprising that
the anesthesiologist is faced with increased challenges to provide safe
anesthesia for complex surgical procedures especially in these groups of
patients. It is imperative, therefore, that we gain a better understanding
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UPDATED JAN 2011
Advances in Pharmacology Volume 31 Anesthesia and Cardiovascular Disease
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